Compare and Contrast John Locke and Thomas Hobbes

Man: The Social Animal Brian Greaney Political Science 230 Prof. T. Mullins April 18, 2011 John Locke and Thomas Hobbes were two main political philosophers during the seventeenth century. Hobbes is largely known for his writing of the â€Å"Leviathan†, and Locke for authoring An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Included in their essays, both men discuss the purpose and structure of government, natural law, and the characteristics of man in and out of the state of nature. The two mens opinion of man vary widely. Hobbes sees man as being evil, whereas Locke views man in a much more optimistic light. While in the state of nature and under natural law, they both agree that man is equal. However, their ideas of natural law differ†¦show more content†¦Locke believed that people are willing to unite under a form of government to preserve their lives, liberty, and estate. Since natural law is already good, government not only preserves natural law, but also works to enhance it. The ideas presented by Hobbes and Locke are often in opposition. Hobbes views humanity much more pessimistically; viewing men as evil according to natural law and government a way to eliminate natural law. Locke takes a much more optimistic stance; viewing government a means to preserve the state of nature and enhance it as men are naturally peaceful and equal. Discarding the differences in ideology, their ideas were radical for their time. The interest they took in natural law, mans natural characteristics, and the role of government, provided inspiration for, and was the focus of many literary works for the future. In my opinion both philosophers provide a very convincing argument towards man in the state of nature and natural law. It all comes down to whether an individual can function without being governed, or whether he needs guidance in his everyday life. Hobbes Leviathan to me seemed the quintessential handbook for despots. That one ruler ruling over an entire nation would be rational if only the leader was fair and provided justice to his citizens if favor of the citizens. However referring to the state of nature, I believe that man has been endowed with reason which would fuel our self-preservation. In aShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke And Thomas Hobbes Compare And Contrast862 Words   |  4 Pages Locke vs. Hobbes Compare and Contrast Essay During and after the English Revolution (1642-1688), different philosophers acted differently towards the revolution , based on their ideas and personal experiences. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes stood out to be the most intelligent thinkers who argued in opposite ways. On the contrary they were similar in their approach for the use of reason. They both represented a trend in the 17th and 18th centuries to use reason as a final judgement. By analyzingRead MoreCompare And Contrast John Locke And Thomas Hobbes1680 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Locke and Thomas Hobbes are one of the most influential and famous philosophers who both had similar theories but had different conclusions. The two philosophers wrote a discourse â€Å"life in the state of nature† and argued about the government. They both had made important and logical contributions to modern philosophy and opened up political thoughts which have impacted our world today. During the seventeenth century the thought of political philosophy became a big topic. John Locke and ThomasRead MoreCompare and Contrast the P hilosophies of John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Karl Marx843 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast the Philosophies of John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Karl Marx In the idea of human nature; origin of state, the nature of government, the rights of regulation can be drawn as the reflection of insightful philosophies of John Locke, Thomas Hobbes and Karl Marx. By understanding this within the context of human nature, we can see their ideas play to how they perceive a modern philosophy. Karl Marxs Communist Manifesto illustrates the desire to build a society without economicRead MoreComparing John Locke s Views On Political Systems969 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast John Locke was a scholar who lived from 1632-1704. Locke worried about the absence of limitations on sovereign authority. As a man that was pro government for the people, he viewed politics as for the people or the people shall revolt. In stark contrast, Thomas Hobbes, who lived through much turmoil as well from 1588-1679, such as a civil war in Britain which lasted from 1642-1648 thought a sovereign leader was the only way to protect society from itself (Riemer, Simon, andRead MoreCompare and Contrast Hobbes’s and Locke’s Views of the State of Nature and the Fundamental Purpose of Political Society. Whose View Is the More Plausible? Why?1564 Words   |  7 PagesCompare and contrast Hobbes’s and Locke’s views of the state of nature and the fundamental purpose of political society. Whose view is the more plausible? Why? Introduction Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were both natural law theorists and social contracts theorists. While most natural law theorists have predominantly been of the opinion that humans are social animals by nature, Locke and Hobbes had a different perspective. Their points of view were remarkably different from thoseRead MoreThe Social Contract Theories Of Thomas Hobbes And John Locke1210 Words   |  5 PagesMahogany Mills Professor: Dr. Arnold Political Philosophy 4 February 2015 Compare and contrast the social contract theories of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke In the beginning of time, there was no government to regulate man. This caused a burden on society and these hardships had to be conquered, which is when a social contract was developed. The social contract theory is a model that addresses the questions of the origin of society and the legitimacy of the authority of the state over an individualRead MoreBoth Hobbes And Locke Can Be Considered The â€Å"Founding Fathers†1685 Words   |  7 PagesBoth Hobbes and Locke can be considered the â€Å"Founding Fathers† of liberal political philosophy. Both theorists give their own accounts of human nature as well as how and what their concept of a government should look like. Hobbes and Locke also agree on most aspects of each other’s theories but also have contrasting opinions for their own notions. Hobbes’s conception of the best fitting government in which humans would be able to live freely and happily, would be that which is governed by an allRead MoreHobbes vs. Locke2028 Words   |  9 PagesAshlyn Brunk Parson POS 352 October, 2012 Exam 1: Hobbes/Locke 1. Compare and contrast Hobbes and Locke on political power? In answering this question explain Locke’s argument against Hobbes’s understanding of â€Å"paternal† and despotical power. On the discussion of power and social structure, both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes introduce their theories on paternal and despotical power in Second Treatise of Government and Leviathan respectively. Both men believe that social order is constructedRead MoreBriefly Explain What Is Meant by the â€Å"Scientific Revolution† That Took Place in Seventeenth Century Europe, and How It Marked a Departure from Ancient and Medieval Philosophy.1603 Words   |  7 PagesNewton, and others had become noted scientists.    Compare and contrast the positions expressed by Thomas Hobbes and John Locke regarding natural law and government, and discuss the influences that their works had on the development of political thought both during their own time and later? The two main political philosophers during the seventeenth century were Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. Hobbes is the well-known author of â€Å"Leviathan,† and Locke is the author of â€Å"An Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingRead MoreThe Monarchy And A Dictatorship Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pagesdown to the next generation in the royal family when the original monarch dies. A dictatorship is ruled by a person who usurped power and stayed that way by altering the rules, they are very powerful and get to where they are by brute force. Compare/contrast a direct democracy with an indirect democracy. A direct democracy is a form of democracy where all people decide directly on policy initiatives. An indirect democracy is a form of governance in which the citizens rule through representatives

Marijuana And Its Effects On Marijuana - 1216 Words

Sonita Sao Professor Andrea Biology 101 Marijuana and Its Effects Marijuana is a type of medication produced by using the dried blossoms and leaves of the hemp plant. There is a large debate in the United States of America on whether marijuana should be legalized; Marijuana is the most used illegal drug in the USA (Klein, 2005). Marijuana is useful as it has been utilized and made legitimate in part of a few states despite the fact that there are numerous critics of these recent activities. The uses of Marijuana have been scientifically supported to help relieve nausea glaucoma, wasting in virtually unlimited aliments, pain, menstrual cramps, AIDS, and depression. On the other hand, there are adverse effects that Marijuana can have on individuals, for example, direct impacts to the cerebrum, diminished capacity to learn and hold data; furthermore it may create uneasiness, fear, doubt, or anger. There is a particular artificial chemical that upgrades the capacity to stimulate the mind when inhaling causing a human to feel high. The main substance in marijuana contains THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), which is a mind-altering ingredient found in the cannabis plant. Tetrahydrocannabinol is the chemical responsible for most of marijuana’s psychological effects. THC changes behavior by binding together like a lock and key to receptors on nerve cells, which then respond with a change in activity (Cox, 2012). THC stimulate cells in the brain to quickly release dopamine, makingShow MoreRelatedEffect of Marijuana3829 Words   |  16 Pagesof marijuana, whether excessive or not, has different effects to the health of individuals that eventually affects the community as a whole† I. INTRODUCTION a. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY i. Definition ii. History 1. Laws of bills II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION b. Interpretation of collected data iii. Reception of people towards marijuana 2. Positive perspective 3. Negative perspective 4. Effects of marijuana Read MoreEffects Of Marijuana On The Medical Side Of Marijuana1856 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout the years the medical side of marijuana has been a big controversy. Recent studies and research show a promising outlook on the uses of medicinal cannabis. Cannabis oil is a new recent cultivating development and has many uses that shed positivity. The outlook is popular and promising, so what does that say about our future? There are many benefits when it comes to the medical use of cannabis. The main known form is cannabis oil. This is the oil that is extracted using a solvent from theRead MoreMarijuana: Cause and Effect1064 Words   |  5 PagesStephen Tracey Professor Curran English 101 10 November 2011 Marijuana: Cause and Effect Today in America, millions of American citizens are both confused and outraged by the fact that there are still laws that are preventing people from using one of the most popular and controversial, illegal substances in the world: marijuana. According to recent polls, fifty percent of Americans want marijuana to be completely legal and decriminalized (Blodget), and a whopping eighty percent of AmericansRead MoreEffects Of Marijuana On The Body1495 Words   |  6 PagesNumber: 2015009001 The Effects of Marijuana on the Body Marijuana is considered in popular culture to be a widely accepted mainstream recreational illegal drug used in the United States; its use comes with severe adverse side effects that are often overlooked. Long-Term use of marijuana sis shown to have negative effects on physical, mental, and environmental health. Studies have shown that in the United States, up to 20% of daily marijuana users become dependent (Marijuana and Lung Health) showingRead MoreThe Effects of Marijuana Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pagesthink smoking marijuana is cool. They might try it without knowing what it is or what affects is has on you. Once someone smokes it for the first time, they might keep doing it again and again and they could get hooked on it for life. People who use marijuana usually never use any other type of illegal drugs, but more than seven thousand five hundred people get arrested for using marijuana every year. There is a wide variety of marijuana, but they are all based off of two marijua na plants, IndicaRead MoreNegative Effects Of Marijuana1612 Words   |  7 Pages What is marijuana? What is it made of? Why is cannabis still illegal in certain states? Why does marijuana have so many names? Where do the names come from? What is the marijuana culture and how do they celebrate? How is marijuana beneficial? All these questions roaming through people’s mind. Cannabis is a green mixture of the dried, shredded leaves and flowers of Cannabis sativa. People usually smoke marijuana in hand-rolled cigarettes called joints or cigars called blunts, or in a pipe, orRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Marijuana861 Words   |  4 Pages Marijuana is sweeping the nation. How might this affect people’s everyday lives? Is the progression on legalization a good thing or a bad thing? In order to answer that, the people must first consider the health effects of the consumer and the economic effects of the nation. Marijuana could have both positive and negative effects on the health of the user and the economy. While marijuana does indeed have some health benefits, it also has many adverse health effects and can lead to severalRead MoreThe Harmuful Effects of Marijuana787 Words   |  3 Pages In 2006, A Drug Free Worlds The Harmful Effects of Marijuana† emerged in the media. ADFW reasons that marijuana is harmful in numerous ways, including cerebral damage and debilitation to the immune system. Throughout the article, they also try to persuade the reader that cannabis is a gateway drug that undoubtedly leads the users into much harder drugs. When reading this article, one must consider that research to support anything can be found if one searches hard enough, but without a doubtRead MoreEffect of Marijuana Essay1777 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract: In America Marijuana has been a topic of debate for many years. Many people of society and even the national government have expressed strong against the uses of marijuana. They view Marijuana as a drug that causes people to act against rules that has been set by society. However they fail to look at the positive benefits that can come from the uses of marijuana which actually have been proven by researchers to have positive benefits when it comes to the well being of peopleRead MoreNegative Effects Of Marijuana1903 Words   |  8 PagesAmong teens and adults marijuana is the number one drug used for medical and recreational use. Marijuana was not legalized by the states in the U.S. until recently, but it has been in use since the 1970’s. Although, marijuana has been legalized for only a couple of years, the issues of marijuana are becoming a larger epidemic. Many people have the misconceptions that marijuana will not have the same effects as other drugs or even such as tobacco, but after an abundance of research, scientist discovered

Simple as Possible Essay Example For Students

Simple as Possible Essay topic:Anyone can make things bigger and more complex.What requires realeffort and courage is to move in the opposite diretionin other words,tomake things as simple as possible. To make things simple means to have the profound understanding of the wholematter,to discriminate between essence and peripherals,and ultimately torefine piles of information and phenomenon into principles.For instance,ifnot for the theory of relativity,Einstein would not been venerated by thewhole world.The simple fomulation e=m(c^2)looking so easy andunderstandable ,however,is the very core of the theory ofrelativity.See,for every scintific system and classic principles,tens ofthousands of information,data,caculation,and phenomena lies behidethem.Faced with piles of such things,the great scientists who devoteprecious time and labor pick up the essence and damp the others.Just likesifting gold from mountains of sand.The gold is sifted principles and thesand is the phenomena, however,the process of systematical is never a easyjob. More surprising is that simplication even requires courage and patience aswell.At least three facts are involves.Firstly the diversifiedideas,phenomenon, information,data and presumptions all togother will be anightmare to one who attempts to work out something clear and logical. Secondly,not every one facing so many such things is confident enough togarantee gold could be sifted out. The more challege is that whoprepareto simply things are always in risk of total lose, because any newdiscovery conflicting their theory,once testified,will probally nullifytheir efforts.So,anyone who is will to devote to the process ofsimplification not only needs the talence,but also courage and patience. As we all know,to make things as simple as possible is veryimportant.However,it is not always the case.Sometimes we DO NEED to makethings bigger and more complex.For instance,to build up a database incomputer,such as the national demographic database,it should be as thoroughand complete as possible.The bigger the database is,the more helpful willit be.At the same time,the design of the stuctrue of the database should beas simple as possible.The function of software developed to utilize thedatabase should be as complex and versatile as possible,since everyoperator would expect it to be as easy as possible to use. Every ramification of science and technology is similar to that procedureof the example above.The first step is to accumulate as much observation aspossible with endeavors,and then with hard working of reasoning,maybeadding a little inspiration.Laws and rules are often found in this way.Soboth simplification and complexing are invovled in the process.The latteris also worthy attention. To sum up,in this era of rapid development of industry and computer,so muchinformation rashes into our daily life,reseach field and so on.We shouldhave the ability of simplification.And the precondition lies in that wehave ability of complexing,which is the fundmental base of simplification.

Piaget Essays - Child Development, Cognitive Psychology,

Piaget Mark Shaffer 2/29/00 Jean Piaget Jean Piaget grew up in a quiet region of French Switzerland. His father was a professor and his mother was a Calvinist. In 1918 Piaget earned a doctorate in zoology and started studying psychoanalysis. In 1920 he moved to Paris to study children's intelligence. He was fascinated with the way a child's mind works. He moved back to Switzerland to watch and observe children. Piaget did not think of children as being wrong, he thought of them as thinking in a different way. (www.pathfinder.com/time100/scientist/profile/piaget.html) Piaget was a constructivist. He believed that knowledge was not preformed and it was always being constructed and developed with interaction with reality. (www.pathfinder.com/time100/scientist/profile/piaget.html) He also found that a child's logic and ways of thinking are different from adults. His research centered around one question: how does knowledge grow? The way he answered it was, ?the growth of knowledge is a progressive construction of logically embedded structures superseding one another by a process of inclusion of lower less powerful logical means into higher and more powerful ones up to adulthood. (www.unige.ch/piaget/biog.html) He called this study of the development of knowledge genetic epistemology. He said that everyone, no-matter how young or old, has skills that help him or her gain knowledge. He called these skills schemas. (www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/piaget.html) Piaget had four basic stages in his developmental theory. First is the sensorimotor stage. This stage lasts from birth to about two years old. The infant uses his five senses and his motor ability to understand the world and to develop skills or schemas. Before the end of this stage the child is able to pretend and has mental representation of objects. (www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/piaget.html) Piaget's second stage was called the preoperational stage. This lasts from about two to seven years old. In this stage the child develops the use of symbols. For example when a child sees the word dog he or she knows what that word stands for. They also develop an understanding of the past and future. While in this stage, the child sees things from one point of view. They think that everything happens or is there because of them. They might say that the carpet is soft so when they fall they won't get hurt. (www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/piaget.html) In the third stage, called concrete operations stage, the child begins to be able to classify. They will be able to put things in order from biggest to smallest or by color. They also develop the idea of conservation. This means that the child will be able to tell that quantity is the same no matter what shape it takes. For example when there are four marbles lined up and four scattered in another area the child will be able to tell that there is the same amount in both areas. The concrete operations stage lasts from about seven to eleven years of age. (www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/piaget.html) Piaget's last stage is the called formal operations stage, and starts at about twelve years old. This stage involves using logical operations in an abstract way. This is also referred to as hypothetical thinking. This stage involves things like the formation of a hypothesis and the elimination of a hypothesis to solve problems or questions. (www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/piaget.html) In physical education it is important to know how your children think. A physical educator can not make their lesson too complicated for the child to understand. This is especially true at the elementary level. If the child does not understand what is being taught then the child will not put forth any effort and may be turned off of physical activity. At the very beginning of a child's schooling he or she is still in the preoperational stage. Therefor it would not be a good idea to try to incorporate logic or the use of conservation into the lesson. A child at that age should be taught physical education in a way that will be easily understood. It should center on the use of symbols and basic physical skills such as running, jumping and throwing. Bibliography 1. www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/piaget.html 2. www.unique.ch/piaget/biog.html 3. www.pathfinder.com/time100/scientist/profile/piaget.html